Pesticide Resistance Management: Can Theory Be Translated into Practice?

The first signs of pesticide resistance begin with the observation that pests are surviving pesticide applications, and that increased rates or frequencies of application are necessary to provide acceptable control. As more applications are made, pesticide rates must be steadily increased to maintain control of pests. And finally, after many pesticide applications, the pesticide is rendered totally ineffective, regardless of the rate used. Since the introduction, in the 1930s, of pesticides based on synthetic chemistry, the number of pests that…