It's the oxygen!

Several research studies conducted in the past have pointed to excessive carbon dioxide (greater than 2%) as a major contributor to turf quality declines on greens that suffer from compaction, poor drainage or excessive thatch. However, we have found that CO₂ is probably only a symptom - and not the cause - of this type of turf quality decline. Instead, low levels of soil oxygen (less than 19%) are the culprit. A series of cultural practices that are targeted towards…